1940 Federal Census Fulton County, Georgia (SD: 5/ED 060-07: File 10 of 10) ************************************************************************** Copyright. All rights reserved. http://www.usgwarchives.net/copyright.htm http://www.usgwcensus.org/notices/ http://www.usgwcensus.org/ http://www.usgwcensus.org/cenfiles/ ************************************************************************** Abstracted by Lorri Robinson from public records. Proofread by (Needed). Submitted by Lorri Robinson for the USGenWeb Archives. Copyright: 2012. Edited By Maggie Stewart, October 9, 2012 formatted by Econvert. ************************************************************************** FORMATTERS NOTE: Dwelling/Family Numbers per Enumerator.. ************************************************************************** All above information must remain when copied or downloaded. ************************************************************************** NOTE: For more information on Fulton County County, Georgia, Please visit the GAGenWeb page at http://www.usgenweb.org/ga ========================================================= ALSO visit the GAGenWeb archives at http://www.usgwarchives.net/ga/ ************************************************************************** --- Stamped Page No: 179B Sheet No: 66A Reel No: T627-674 Division: East Point City Incorporated Place: East Point City Ward: 1 Block: X Unincorporated Place: X Institution: X Enumerated on: May 8, 1940 By Joseph G Williams ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== LINE | STREET HOUSE | HH OWN MORTGAGE FAR | LAST NAME FIRST NAME | RELATION | S COL AGE MA | SCH H GRA | BIRTHPLACE | CIZ | CITY COUNTY STATE BORN | E | WPA | SW BUS | HOM | HRS | UE | TRADE INDUSTRY CLA | WKS | WAGE OI | FAS | SOUN | REMARKS ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 1 | Connally St R | 449 R 6 Yes | Roberts Josephine | Daughter | F Neg 3 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | . . . . | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | R163 | . 2 | Connally St R | 449 R 6 Yes | McLendon Grover | Brother-in-law | M Neg 28 S | No 3 | Georgia | . | same house . . Yes | Yes | . | . . | . | 45 | . | laborer farm NP | 36 | 0 No | . | M245 | . 3 | Connally St R | 449 R 6 Yes | McLendon Solomon | Brother-in-law | M Neg 24 S | No 5 | Georgia | . | same house . . Yes | Yes | . | . . | . | 45 | . | laborer farm NP | 36 | 0 No | . | M245 | . 4 | Ware Ave 405 | 450 O 2500 No | Wooten Velma | Head | F W 49 Wd | No 11 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | office clerk loan co PW | 52 | 624 No | . | W350 | . 5 | Ware Ave 405 | 450 O 2500 No | Wooten Claudia | Daughter | F W 23 S | No 11 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 39 | . | stenographer insurance PW | 52 | 900 No | . | W350 | . 6 | Maple St 405 | 451 O 2000 No | Walton Honduras | Head | M W 49 M | No 7 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | electrician Charleston navy yard GW | 52 | 2177 Yes | . | W435 | . 7 | Maple St 405 | 451 O 2000 No | Walton Lilla | Wife | F W 48 M | No 9 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | W435 | . 8 | Maple St 405 | 451 O 2000 No | Walton Dean | Son | M W 22 S | No 11 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 44 | . | shipping clerk optical PW | 52 | 600 No | . | W435 | . 9 | Maple St 405 | 451 O 2000 No | Walton John | Son | M W 17 S | Yes 11 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | S | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | W435 | . 10 | Forest Ave 510 | 452 R 20 No | Dudley Joe H | Head | M W 21 M | No 11 | Georgia | . | College Park Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 72 | . | salesman retail grocery PW | 52 | 720 No | . | D340 | . 11 | Forest Ave 510 | 452 R 20 No | Dudley Ann | Wife | F W 18 M | No 11 | Mississippi | . | Meridian . Mississippi No | Yes | . | . . | . | 48 | . | cashier dept store PW | 20 | 300 Yes | . | D340 | . 12 | Forest Ave 406 | 453 O 2500 No | White Martha | Head | F W 60 Wd | No 9 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 Yes | . | W300 | . 13 | Montrose Dr 605 | 454 R 22.50 No | Rush Eugene G | Head | M W 20 M | No 10 | Kentucky | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 44 | . | salesman automobile PW | 52 | 1200 No | . | R200 | . 14 | Montrose Dr 605 | 454 R 22.50 No | Rush Etta L | Wife | F W 19 M | No 12 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | R200 | . 15 | Montrose Dr 605 | 454 R 22.50 No | Rush William D | Son | M W 1 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | R200 | . 16 | W Forest Ave 617 | 455 O 2700 No | Hardy Alfred D | Head | M W 36 M | No 11 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | accounting clerk public utility PW | 50 | 1380 No | . | H630 | . 17 | W Forest Ave 617 | 455 O 2700 No | Hardy Lurleen J | Wife | F W 30 M | No 11 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | H630 | . 18 | W Forest Ave 617 | 455 O 2700 No | Hardy Sarah A | Daughter | F W 11 S | Yes 5 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | H630 | . 19 | W Forest Ave 617 | 455 O 2700 No | Hardy Patricia K | Daughter | F W 5 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | H630 | . 20 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Watson Clyde M | Head | M W 44 M | No C-4 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 60 | . | contractor building OA | 52 | 0 Yes | . | W325 | . 21 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Watson Carolyn S | Wife | F W 41 M | No C-2 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | W325 | . 22 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Watson Clyde M Jr | Son | M W 13 S | Yes 8 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | S | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | W325 | . 23 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Watson James F | Son | M W 8 S | Yes 2 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | S | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | W325 | . 24 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Watson Carolyn L | Daughter | F W 5 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | W325 | . 25 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Simmons Carrie | Mother-in-law | F W 82 Wd | No 8 | Alabama | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | U | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 Yes | . | S552 | . 26 | W Forest Ave 405 | 456 O 2000 No | Simmons Eddie Lou | Sister-in-law | F W 55 S | No C-2 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | indexer file installations PW | 52 | 1150 No | . | S552 | . 27 | W Forest Ave 615 | 457 O 3335 No | Moody Daniel B | Head | M W 27 M | No 10 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 42 | . | chemist helper fertilizer PW | 52 | 1123 No | . | M300 | . 28 | W Forest Ave 615 | 457 O 3335 No | Moody Laura M | Wife | F W 19 M | No 8 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | billing clerk mail order PW | 52 | 780 No | . | M300 | . 29 | Neely Ave 500 | 458 O 2500 No | Heard Rupert L | Head | M W 41 M | No 7 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | bookkeeper publishing PW | 52 | 2442 Yes | . | H630 | . 30 | Neely Ave 500 | 458 O 2500 No | Heard Ruby C | Wife | F W 40 M | No 9 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | H630 | . 31 | Neely Ave 500 | 458 O 2500 No | Heard Alice M | Daughter | F W 14 S | Yes 8 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | S | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | H630 | . 32 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry John P | Head | M W 49 M | No 3 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | No | No | No Yes | . | . | . | peddler produce OA | 32 | 0 Yes | . | B600 | . 33 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry Gladys | Wife | F W 45 M | No 7 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | B600 | . 34 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry Sarah | Daughter | F W 16 S | Yes 9 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | No | No | No No | S | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | B600 | . 35 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry Doris | Daughter | F W 14 S | Yes 7 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | No | No | No No | S | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | B600 | . 36 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry Mildred | Daughter | F W 12 S | Yes 6 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | B600 | . 37 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry Edward | Son | M W 9 S | Yes 2 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | B600 | . 38 | East Point St 116 | 459 R 20 No | Berry Marvin | Son | M W 5 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | B600 | . 39 | East Point St 116 | 460 R 12 No | Jones Clifford | Head | M W 23 M | No 7 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 54 | . | battery charger automobile PW | 32 | 350 No | . | J520 | . 40 | East Point St 116 | 460 R 12 No | Jones Elizabeth | Wife | F W 19 M | No 10 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | J520 | . ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== Supplememtal Information ======|===========================|========================|===========|================|===================|==========================================|=================|= LINE | LAST NAME FIRST NAME | FATHER MOTHER | MO TONGUE | VET VFAT WAR | SSN INS DED | OCCUPATION INDUSTRY CLASS | MAR M AGE CHI | ======|===========================|========================|===========|================|===================|==========================================|=================|= 14 | Rush Etta L | Georgia Georgia | English | No . . | No . 0 | none . . | No 17 1 | 29 | Heard Rupert L | Georgia Georgia | English | Yes . W | Yes Yes 1 | bookkeeper publishing co PW | . . . | --- Stamped Page No: 180A Sheet No: 66B Reel No: T627-674 Division: East Point City Incorporated Place: East Point City Ward: 1 Block: X Unincorporated Place: X Institution: X Enumerated on: May 8, 1940 By Joseph G Williams ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== LINE | STREET HOUSE | HH OWN MORTGAGE FAR | LAST NAME FIRST NAME | RELATION | S COL AGE MA | SCH H GRA | BIRTHPLACE | CIZ | CITY COUNTY STATE BORN | E | WPA | SW BUS | HOM | HRS | UE | TRADE INDUSTRY CLA | WKS | WAGE OI | FAS | SOUN | REMARKS ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 41 | East Point St 116 | 460 R 12 No | Jones Clifford Jr | Son | M W 3 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | . . . . | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | J520 | . 42 | N Church St 119 | 461 R 30 No | Lester Marcus | Head | M W 31 M | No 11 | Florida | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 24 | . | assembly automobile PW | 42 | 1250 No | . | L236 | . 43 | N Church St 119 | 461 R 30 No | Lester Montelle | Wife | F W 23 M | No 11 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 42 | . | cashier auto supply PW | 52 | 830 No | . | L236 | . 44 | N Church St 119 | 461 R 30 No | Trammell Lillian | Mother-in-law | F W 54 Wd | No 8 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | T654 | . 45 | Ware Ave 502 | 462 O 2500 No | Howard Wilson Jay | Head | M W 37 M | No 9 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | credit man bank PW | 52 | 1680 No | . | H630 | . 46 | Ware Ave 502 | 462 O 2500 No | Howard Marguerite | Wife | F W 35 M | No 11 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | clerical petroleum PW | 52 | 1380 No | . | H630 | . 47 | Spring Ave 407 | 463 O 2500 No | Reynolds Clyde M | Head | M W 49 M | No C-4 | Nebraska | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 44 | . | salesman clocks PW | 26 | 500 No | . | R543 | . 48 | Spring Ave 407 | 463 O 2500 No | Reynolds Inez E | Wife | F W 40 M | No C-4 | N Carolina | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | R543 | . 49 | Spring Ave 407 | 463 O 2500 No | Reynolds Sam M | Son | M W 7 S | Yes 2 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | No | No | No No | Ot | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | R543 | . 50 | Spring Ave 407 | 463 O 2500 No | Reynolds Rufus E | Son | M W 6 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | R543 | . 51 | Neely Ave 507 | 464 R 32.50 No | Aderhold George L | Head | M W 42 M | No 8 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 44 | . | mechanic automobile PW | 52 | 1840 No | . | A364 | . 52 | Neely Ave 507 | 464 R 32.50 No | Aderhold Gladys M | Wife | F W 39 M | No 11 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 37 1/2 | . | clerk telephone PW | 26 | 630 No | . | A364 | . 53 | Neely Ave 507 | 464 R 32.50 No | Aderhold Eleanor C | Daughter | F W 10 S | Yes 4 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | A364 | . 54 | Semmes St 315 | 465 O 4000 No | Benton Dora Mae | Head | F W 30 D | No C-1 | Georgia | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 44 | . | stenographer refrigeration PW | 40 | 1500 No | . | B535 | . 55 | Semmes St 315 | 465 O 4000 No | Benton Beverley | Daughter | F W 4 S | No 0 | Georgia | . | . . . . | . | . | . . | . | . | . | . . . | . | . . | . | B535 | . 56 | Semmes St 315 | 465 O 4000 No | Frabotta Margaret N | Lodger | F W 23 S | No C-1 | Illinois | . | Detroit Wayne Michigan No | Yes | . | . . | . | 42 | . | secretary refrigeration PW | 36 | 1000 Yes | . | F613 | . 57 | Semmes St 315 | 465 O 4000 No | Carroll Willa Ida | Housekeeper | F W 43 D | No 9 | Alabama | . | Atlanta Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 50 | . | housekeeper private home PW | 0 | 0 Yes | . | C640 | . 58 | Oak St 206 | 466 R 20 No | Cox Jerome E | Head | M W 50 Wd | No 7 | Arkansas | . | East Point Fulton Georgia No | Yes | . | . . | . | 56 | . | telegraph opr railroad PW | 52 | 2100 Yes | . | C200 | . 59 | Oak St 206 | 466 R 20 No | Cox Genevieve C | Daughter | F W 24 S | No C-4 | Georgia | . | same place . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 30 | . | teacher public school GW | 36 | 900 No | . | C200 | . 60 | Oak St 206 | 466 R 20 No | Ellis Paul Heidt | Lodger | M W 32 S | No 8 | Georgia | . | same house . . No | Yes | . | . . | . | 45 | . | truck driver wood preserving PW | 52 | 600 No | . | E420 | . 61 | Oak St 206 | 466 R 20 No | Zuber Erick Mathrow | Lodger | M W 21 S | No H-4 | Alabama | . | Covington Newton Georgia Yes | Yes | . | . . | . | 44 | . | building burial vaults burial vaults PW | 51 | 260 No | . | Z160 | . 62 | Oak St 206 | 466 R 20 No | Jacobs Sally B | Aunt | F W 68 Wd | No H-2 | Alabama | . | Albany Dougherty Georgia No | No | No | No No | U | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 Yes | . | J212 | . ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 63 | blank line 64 | blank line ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 65 | blank line; enum note: household visitation number not given to household lines 39-40, page 1A ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 66 | lines 66 - 80 blank ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== Supplememtal Information ======|===========================|========================|===========|================|===================|==========================================|=================|= LINE | LAST NAME FIRST NAME | FATHER MOTHER | MO TONGUE | VET VFAT WAR | SSN INS DED | OCCUPATION INDUSTRY CLASS | MAR M AGE CHI | ======|===========================|========================|===========|================|===================|==========================================|=================|= 55 | Benton Beverly | Georgia Georgia | English | No . . | No . 0 | none . . | . . . | --- Stamped Page No: 180B Sheet No: 81A Reel No: T627-674 Division: East Point City Incorporated Place: East Point City Ward: 1 Block: X Unincorporated Place: X Institution: X Enumerated on: April 8, 1940 By Joseph G Williams ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== LINE | STREET HOUSE | HH OWN MORTGAGE FAR | LAST NAME FIRST NAME | RELATION | S COL AGE MA | SCH H GRA | BIRTHPLACE | CIZ | CITY COUNTY STATE BORN | E | WPA | SW BUS | HOM | HRS | UE | TRADE INDUSTRY CLA | WKS | WAGE OI | FAS | SOUN | REMARKS ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 1 | . . | T . . . | Miller John | Head | M W 30 M | No 8 | Pennsylvania | . | Philadelphia Chester Pennsylvania No | No | No | No Yes | . | . | . | salesman antiques OA | 52 | 0 No | . | M460 | . 2 | . . | T . . . | Miller May | Wife | F W 32 M | No 11 | Pennsylvania | . | Philadelphia Chester Pennsylvania No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | M460 | . 3 | . . | T . . . | Sawyer Thomas | Head | M W 52 M | No C-4 | Ohio | . | Columbus Franklin Ohio No | Yes | . | . . | . | 35 | . | salesman protection engineering PW | 40 | 800 Yes | . | S600 | . 4 | . . | T . . . | Sawyer Christina | Wife | F W 50 M | No 10 | Scotland | AmCit | Columbus Franklin Ohio No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | saleslady dry goods PW | 36 | 360 No | . | S600 | . 5 | . . | T . . . | Cappelletty Joseph | Head | M W 34 M | No 8 | Pennsylvania | . | Phoenix Maricopa Arizona No | Yes | . | . . | . | 40 | . | bricklayer building PW | 45 | 1700 No | . | C143 | . 6 | . . | T . . . | Cappelletty Leanore | Wife | F W 31 M | No 8 | Ohio | . | Phoenix Maricopa Arizona No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | . . . | 0 | 0 No | . | C143 | . 7 | . . | T . . . | Hammond George | Head | M W 34 M | No 8 | Indiana | . | Akron Fulton Indiana No | Yes | . | . . | . | 32 | . | bricklayer building PW | 45 | 2175 No | . | H553 | . 8 | . . | T . . . | Hammond Helen | Wife | F W 26 M | No 11 | Indiana | . | Akron Fulton Indiana No | No | No | No No | H | . | . | beautician beauty parlor PW | 24 | 400 No | . | H553 | . ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 9 | lines 9 - 40 blank ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== --- Stamped Page No: 181A Sheet No: 81B Reel No: T627-674 Division: East Point City Incorporated Place: East Point City Ward: 1 Block: X Unincorporated Place: X Institution: X Enumerated on: April 8, 1940 By Joseph G Williams ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== LINE | STREET HOUSE | HH OWN MORTGAGE FAR | LAST NAME FIRST NAME | RELATION | S COL AGE MA | SCH H GRA | BIRTHPLACE | CIZ | CITY COUNTY STATE BORN | E | WPA | SW BUS | HOM | HRS | UE | TRADE INDUSTRY CLA | WKS | WAGE OI | FAS | SOUN | REMARKS ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|=============================================================================================== 41 | page 81B blank ======|===========================|=========================|===============================|===================|===================|============|================|=======|=================================================|======|=====|==========|=====|========|====|============================================================|=====|===========|=====|======|===============================================================================================